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c++ language 

c++ language

Key Features of C++

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Supports classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• Low-Level Manipulation: Like C, C++ allows direct memory management using pointers.

• Templates: Enables generic programming (e.g., std::vector<T>).

• Standard Template Library (STL): A collection of ready-to-use classes and functions for data structures and algorithms.

• High Performance: Compiled directly to machine code — used in systems where speed and efficiency matter.

• Portability: C++ programs can run on many platforms with little or no modification.

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⚙️ Basic Structure of a C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

• #include <iostream> — Includes input/output stream library.

• using namespace std; — Lets you use standard names without prefixing std::.

• main() — Entry point of the program.

• cout — Used to print output to the console.

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💡 Example: Simple Program with a Class

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Car {
public:
    string brand;
    int year;

    void display() {
        cout << "Brand: " << brand << ", Year: " << year << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Car myCar;
    myCar.brand = "Toyota";
    myCar.year = 2022;
    myCar.display();
    return 0;
}



C++ language basics

Syntax & Structure:


Every C++ program has a main() function as the entry point.


Statements end with a semicolon ;.


Blocks of code are enclosed in { }.




Data Types:


Basic types: int, float, double, char, bool.


Derived: arrays, pointers, references.




Variables & Constants:


Variables store data: int age = 20;


Constants: const float PI = 3.14;




Operators:


Arithmetic: + - * / %


Comparison: == != > < >= <=


Logical: && || !




Control Flow:


Conditional: if, else if, else, switch


Loops: for, while, do-while




Functions:


Define reusable blocks of code:
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }





Object-Oriented Basics:


Classes & Objects: Encapsulate data and behavior


Example:
class Car {
  public:
    string brand;
    void drive() { cout << "Driving"; }
};





Input/Output:


cin for input, cout for output:
int age;
cin >> age;
cout << "Age is " << age;



FAQ

What is the C++ language used for?
C++ is used for: System/software development, game development, 
real-time simulations, drivers, and high-performance applications.
What is C++ introduction?
C++ introduction: C++ is an object-oriented programming language that extends C with classes,
 objects, and other features for modular and efficient programming.
What is the difference between C and C++?
Difference between C and C++: C is procedural, while C++ supports both procedural and 
object-oriented programming. C++ has classes, objects, inheritance, 
and polymorphism; C does not.
Is C++ easy or Java?  small answer
Is C++ easier than Java?: C++ is generally harder because of manual memory management and complex syntax; 
Java is simpler with automatic memory management.